Precious metals and their alloys and goods in precious metals not included in other classes, jewellery, horological, precious stones, and other chronometric instruments.
Precious metals, of which gold is the most important, are rarely if ever used as biomedical materials, because of their comparatively poor mechanical properties. On the other hand, the chemical inertness has proved desirable, particularly in dentistry, and here precious metal alloys are widely used. Gold, in particular, been used in dentistry, its comparatively poor mechanical properties being overcome by using it the form of an alloy, typically with copper. Definitely, the gold-copper system has been widely studied, and is the basis of the majority of gold-based alloys used in clinical dentistry. The major use of these alloys is in casting components such as dental crowns, that are retained on the prepared remnant of a tooth with the aid of so-called luting cements, and which function as replacement structures for damaged teeth.
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